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>> Equidox PDF Accessibility
Solutions — Reach Everyone.

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Accessibility can be seen
every day

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in things such as
handicapped parking spaces,

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closed captioning
on your television,

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or textured pavements.

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One of the greatest barriers
for people who are blind

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or have low vision is access
to written information.

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If you cannot see
or cannot see well,

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reading can be a difficult
or insurmountable task.

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This can make using computers,
smartphones, and the internet —

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something most of us
do every day —

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very difficult,
if not impossible.

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People who have low vision
or are blind

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may have a wide variety
of visual perception.

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They may have some vision

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but still be unable to read
print or text on a screen

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due to colorblindness,

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blurry vision,
tunnel vision,

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or even vision with
an irregularly obscured field.

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They may be able
to detect light or shadow,

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or they may see
nothing at all.

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And many people who are blind
or have low vision are able to

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get around and function
within their environment

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but still are unable to see
clearly enough to read.

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Screen readers are the most
common tools

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for accessing
digital information

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that are used by people who
are blind or have low vision.

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People who have dyslexia,
learning disabilities,

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temporary disabilities
such as concussion,

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other print disabilities such
as stroke or brain injuries,

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and people who prefer learning
through auditory formats

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also use screen readers.

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They provide the information
by reading aloud

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digitally coded content

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contained within the digital
documents and websites.

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Many blind people also use
connected braille displays

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which convert the data
provided by the screen reader

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into braille.

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Braille is the only way
for a person

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who is deaf-blind
to access digital information.

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Fortunately, screen readers

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are built into much
of our technology now,

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from your television hardware
to game consoles to smartphones,

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and you will find
screen-reading technology

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available on computers,
laptops and tablets.

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However, screen readers do not
see what is on the screen;

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they read aloud information
provided digitally

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by means of digital encoding.

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For PDF documents,
this encoding is called “Tags."

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Because the screen readers
rely on these digital tags

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and not the visual content
to read the information aloud,

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sometimes what
a sighted person sees

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is not what a blind or
partially sighted person gets.

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The tags must be applied
correctly in order

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for the content to be accurately
relayed by the screen reader.

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Tags serve many functions.

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They communicate structure
and relationships

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to assistive technology.

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Some are for headings so a
person using a screen reader

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can skim through the content,

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much as a sighted person would
do with newspaper headlines.

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Without headings,
a person using a screen reader

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would have to read
every single word

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to find a specific
piece of information.

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Some tags describe images

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since people using
assistive technology

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often cannot see
what they depict.

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Other tags are for reading order

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so that the content
is not read out of order.

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Just adding an extra line
or a paragraph to your document

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can throw off the digital
reading order,

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even if it is visually
in the correct place.

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Understanding how content
needs to be tagged

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is part of learning
to produce accessible documents,

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applications, and websites.

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Let's examine this document
using a screen reader.

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We have chosen to use NVDA

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as it is a free download
available to anyone.

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Here is what happens when
a screen reader attempts to read

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a PDF document
that is entirely untagged.

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Screen Reader: PDF sample
as image dot PDF.

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Alert— empty document.

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This document
appears to be empty.

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It may be a scanned image
that needs OCR,

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or it may be
a malformed document.

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>> If you are blind
or have low vision,

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you will get no usable
information of any kind

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about this document.

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Even when a document is tagged,

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it's important that
it be tagged correctly.

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Let's have another look at the
same document, this time tagged,

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but only partially.

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This document
is not properly tagged,

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and you will see some of the
common issues faced by people

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using assistive technology
to access digital information.

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We will be using the Tab key
to move around the document,

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and we will move ahead
before all content

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is read in some cases.

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You will also see the text being
read highlighted on the page,

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and we will show the NVDA viewer
so that you can see

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what the screen reader
is perceiving digitally

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as it reads aloud.

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Note also that there are
many voices available

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to be used with screen readers,
and they can read at great speed

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if the person using the
technology is able to keep up,

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much like a sighted person
would speed read.

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For this demonstration we have
chosen a human-sounding voice

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and set it to a normal,
conversational speed.

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Screen Reader: Graphic.

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>> Notice that the screen reader
has not identified this image,

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other than to say “graphic.”

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A person using the screen reader

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will have no idea
what this graphic is.

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Screen Reader: Heading level 1—
Save up to 90 percent

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on time and resources.

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>> This content has been
read out of order.

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An entire section of text
has been skipped.

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Screen Reader: Equidox has
helped to improve

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our [indistinct]
remediate inaccessible PDFs

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quickly and easily.

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>> This text has not been
identified as a heading

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and, again,
content read out of order.

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Screen Reader: Graphic
rectangle.

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Graphic rectangle.
Equidox Services.

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Graphic box.
Graphic box.

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Graphic box.

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>> These descriptions
of background rectangles

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are unnecessary and confusing.
They should not be included.

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Screen Reader: Heading level 2—
Conversion Services.

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Heading level 2— VPATs
evaluation and completion.

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Heading level 2—
Accessibility Services.

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Equidox team
remediates your PDFs.

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Testing, training, consulting.

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>> And again,
content read out of order.

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Screen Reader: Graphic logo.
Graphic logo.

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Visit www.Equidox. co

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or email
EquidoxSales@Onixnet.com.

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>> Within this short document

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we have found
the following errors—

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Images with no alt text
description,

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text with incorrect
reading order,

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unidentified headings,

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unnecessary background objects
announced that are confusing.

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Visually, this document
is perfectly comprehensible.

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But because it lacks
correct digital tagging,

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a person using
assistive technology,

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such as a braille display
or screen reader,

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is not going to get
an equivalent experience,

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and more importantly,

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isn't going to get
all the information.

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Screen readers are
a valuable tool

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for people who are blind
or who have low vision,

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but they are only as good
as the digital encoding

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in the documents and webpages
that they are accessing.

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For more information about
accessible documents

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and websites
or accessibility training

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and consulting, visit us at
www.equidox.co.